夏玉米施用“金正大”缓释肥暨种肥同播农艺技术研究(英文)

[目的]为实现豫东潮土区夏玉米高产和轻简施肥。[方法]采取田间试验示范研究了专用缓释肥对夏玉米产量、经济效益及抗逆性的影响。[结果]周口市商水县潮土区实验点的结果表明,缓释氮比例占45%的专用缓释肥有利于提高千粒重和穗粒数,较习惯施肥,千粒重提高28 g,穗粒数增加16粒。缓释肥促进了夏玉米对养分的吸收利用,可维持土壤氮素养分平衡,增产增效显著,较习惯施肥,应用缓释肥暨种肥同播技术,增产13.5%,增效1 920元/hm_2;较与供试缓释肥等养分的普通肥料,增产10.3%,增效1 215元/hm_2。[结论 ]该研究为周口市大面积在玉米生产上推广缓释肥提供依据;为农机、农艺技术的创新融合拓展了更新空间。     

婴幼儿配方乳粉脂肪过氧化值的检测方法

通过对婴幼儿配方乳粉脂肪提取时的萃取溶剂、取样量、提取次数及超声条件进行优化,建立一种超声破壁提取婴幼儿配方乳粉中的脂肪并测定其过氧化值(peroxide value,POV)的方法。结果表明:采用该方法提取时,乳粉样品的脂肪提取率较高(>95%),提取过程中脂肪的二次氧化得到有效控制,脂肪的POV值测定准确性较高。且将该POV值测定方法应用于婴幼儿配方乳粉的货架期加速验证实验时,其能够准确反映婴幼儿配方乳粉的货架期。     

白藜芦醇抑制过氧化氢诱导的IPEC-J2细胞凋亡及其机制

为了研究白藜芦醇抑制过氧化氢诱导的IPEC-J2细胞凋亡及其机制,利用过氧化氢(Hydrogen peroxide,H_2O_2)建立IPEC-J2细胞凋亡模型,然后分别使用不同浓度的白藜芦醇(Resveratrol,Rel)对IPEC-J2细胞预处理,通过MTT、流式细胞术和蛋白质免疫印迹试验,检测白藜芦醇对H_2O_2诱导的IPEC-J2细胞凋亡的保护作用及其机制。结果表明:50μmol/L的白藜芦醇通过ERK1/2和AKT信号,可以明显抑制50μmol/L过氧化氢诱导的IPEC-J2细胞凋亡。     

Relationship between plant responses to high Na and ameliorative effects of supplemental K and Ca

The ameliorative effects of supplemental potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) were investigated from the viewpoint of water and nutrient status. Sodium (Na) stress resulted in poor water status in barley, maize and kidney bean and nutrient imbalance in all species, with small effects observed in soybean and kidney bean. Supplemental K and Ca effectively improved plant growth, especially in eggplant, green pepper, Chinese radish and spinach. Supplemental K or Ca ameliorated the nutrient status of all species. Supplemental Ca showed the greatest effect on growth improvement, increasing not only Ca concentration but also K concentration. However, maize and kidney bean could not maintain adequate water status under Na stress and exhibited greater growth suppression. From these results, we concluded that supplemental K and Ca is effective for the growth amelioration of plant species in which high Na salinization induces nutrient imbalance but does not affect water status.     

Liming an acid soil treated with diverse silicon sources: Effects on silicon uptake by sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids)

Highly weathered soils are typically acid, with low plant-available silicon (Si), and may also be high in soluble aluminum (Al). We tested whether pre-liming an acid soil prior to silicate fertilizer application improved Si uptake by sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids), feasibly through elimination of reactive Al. Three trials with potted sugarcane were grown in an acid soil. Treatments included 11 different Si sources and 1- or 3-month pre-liming periods. Soil and plant tissue Si content and yield were determined. Pre-liming for a 1- or 3-month period did not increase plant Si uptake and reduced available soil Si throughout. Alkaline Si sources produced significantly more plant-available Si and greater plant uptake than non-alkaline sources. Silicon and lime treatments did not significantly increase yield. We conclude that pre-liming an acid soil before Si application is unlikely to significantly improve Si uptake by sugarcane.     

Macronutrient accumulation dynamics in apple fruits

In this study, we assessed the macronutrient levels of apple fruits cv. “Golden Smoothee” by monitoring their fruit absorption rates (mg fruit^?1 day^?1) and accumulation patterns (mg fruit^?1) throughout fruit development. Nutrient accumulation was a continuous process throughout the growing season, with patterns of absorption rates varying according to the nutrients concerned. Calcium was chiefly absorbed by the fruit during the first developmental stage, while the greatest absorption rates of other macronutrients occurred later in fruit development (from the end of shoot growth until harvest). From these patterns, it would be desirable to reduce the supply natural calcium (Ca) antagonists, such as potassium (K), ammonium (NH⁴⁺), and magnesium (Mg), during the first part of fruit development in order to achieve a good Ca balance with other nutrients and, consequently, an optimum fruit quality. Knowing these nutrient absorption and accumulation patterns is essential for planning optimum nutrient supply and improving their influence on fruit quality.     

缺钙处理对不同甘蔗品种伸长期光合特性的影响

为深入了解钙素缺乏对甘蔗产量和品质的影响,并为筛选耐低钙土壤甘蔗品种提供定量依据。通过大田试验研究了缺钙处理对桂引21号、粤糖00-236、粤糖94-128、新台糖22号等4种不同甘蔗品种净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间二氧化碳浓度的影响。结果表明,在缺钙处理条件下,桂引21号的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均比正常供钙处理条件下的低,而胞间二氧化碳浓度比正常供钙处理条件下的高。粤糖00-236的所有光合特性处理间差异不显著。新台糖22号、粤糖94-128 号等2个品种缺钙处理条件下的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均比正常供钙处理条件下的高,而胞间二氧化碳浓度则比正常供钙处理条件下的低。以上结果表明,桂引21号对缺钙的耐受能力较弱,而新台糖22号、粤糖94-128 号等2个品种较强。     

钙盐沉淀法处理农村含氟饮用水试验

采用钙盐沉淀法,研究氯化钙投加量,pH值和静置时间三个因素对除氟效果的影响,确定最优的除氟条件;试验在不同氯化钙投加量(分别为100％、150％、200％、250％)下,分析静置时间和反应pH值对除氟的影响;通过试验,确定出三因素的最佳组合为氯化钙的投加量为250%,pH 8.5,静置时间最少50min。在该条件下,可将水中的氟离子浓度由20mg/L降低到7 mg/L左右;应用此方法可以有效减轻地方性氟中毒。     

不同因素对油脂中过氧化值测定的影响

过氧化值是评价油脂酸败及酸败程度的重要指标,在油脂的质量、储存、卫生等指标中均须准确测定。本研究以食用油为试材,研究玻璃仪器、碘化钾饱和溶液、Na2S3O3标准溶液、淀粉指示剂、振摇情况等诸多因素在碘量法测定过氧化值的影响。结果表明,碘量瓶干净程度、碘化钾溶液的配制时间、淀粉指示剂用量等均对过氧化值的测定存在不同程度的影响。     

Effect of H_2O_2 Pretreatment on Cd Tolerance of Different Rice Cultivars

The effect of H2O2 pretreatment on Cd tolerance and translocation of rice seedlings were studied using two rice cultivars (N07-6 and N07-63) differing in Cd tolerance. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), non-protein thiols (NPT), phytochelatins (PCs) and the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) were compared between the two cultivars exposed to various treatments. The results showed that 50 μmol/L Cd exposure significantly inhibited rice growth, enhanced the production o...